South Africa, replying to India’s 215, were 11 for two at stumps on the opening day of the third Test in Nagpur on Wednesday.
Opener Dean Elgar was unbeaten on seven and skipper Hashim Amla had yet to score after Stiaan van Zyl (0) and nightwatchman Imran Tahir (4) fell before close.
India were earlier dismissed in the post-tea session, with opener Murali Vijay top-scoring with 40 when the hosts won the toss and elected to bat on a dry, dusty pitch at the VCA stadium.
Off-spinner Simon Harmer claimed four wickets for 78 runs and fast bowler Morne Morkel took three for 35.
India lead the four-match series 1-0 after winning the first Test in Mohali by 108 runs. The rain-hit second game in Bangalore was drawn.