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These alarming headlines will raise your eyebrows. But when this potential global health threat knocks at your door, panic strikes and the situation soon becomes a cause for concern.
On Monday, India reported two cases of HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) in Bengaluru and one in Gujarat. All three were infants with no travel history.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has not made any official statements on HMPV. WHO also provides regular updates on the situation in China, informed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). But the sudden overload of information on the internet has frightened parents.
No Need To Panic
Speaking to NewsMobile, renowned Paediatrician Dr. Nitin Verma, Director of Paediatrics at Madhukar Rainbow Children’s Hospital, said there is no need to panic. He said, “ HMPV has been around for a long time. It’s not new in India. It’s a respiratory virus like influenza and RSV. There is a surge in cases during winter and monsoon season.”
What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
It is a common viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system, especially in young children. While it often causes mild symptoms, it can sometimes lead to more severe respiratory illnesses.
According to data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) network, there has been no significant rise in cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in India.
Is HMPV Similar to COVID-19?
As soon as the news of the HMPV outbreak in China spread, the Covid-19 scare returned to haunt many. Dr Ramani Ranjan, Senior Consultant & Head of Neonatology & Pediatrics at Apollo Cradle and Children’s Hospital, Greater Noida, said, “A “novel” coronavirus (nCoV) became a new strain that had not been previously identified in humans. However, such is not the case with HMPV. HMPV is like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV); we keep getting cases of people affected by it. Also, the cases in China are not complicated and do not need ventilator support. Yes, the Outpatient Department (OPD)’s attendance has increased. But again, there is nothing to worry about.”
How Does HMPV Spread?
As mentioned earlier in the article, HMPV is a respiratory virus like influenza and RSV that can cause a range of illnesses, from mild cold-like symptoms to more severe respiratory conditions.
Dr Sankalp Dudeja, Senior Consultant Pediatrician at Cloud Nine Hospital in Gurugram, said, “HMPV spreads mainly through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also be transmitted directly through contaminated surfaces, toys, or hands. Children in close-contact environments, such as daycare centres or schools, are especially susceptible to the virus.”
This is one of the reasons why infants are easily susceptible to HMPV, thus making it highly communicable. “HMPV is a communicable disease, meaning it can quickly spread from person to person. The virus is most contagious during the early stages of infection, often before symptoms are fully apparent. This makes it crucial to practice good hygiene to minimise the risk of transmission,” added Dr Dudeja.
What Are The Symptoms?
“Its symptoms are similar to the common flu. Mild fever, cold, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, fatigue and sometimes rashes,” Dr. Verma said. However, Dr Verma adds that parents must observe the child’s condition. “If the temperature does not decrease after 3-4 days, they must bring the child to the doctor.”
However, it can lead to severe respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, young children, and those with weakened immune systems or pre-existing health conditions. “Symptoms of severe infection may include difficulty breathing, wheezing, and dehydration, which could require medical intervention,” said Dr Dudeja.
Can HMPV Recur?
There are chances of HMPV to reoccur in children. “Reinfections are possible, especially because immunity to HMPV is not long-lasting. However, symptoms are typically milder in older children and adults,” said Dr Dudeja.
Tests to Detect HMPV In Children?
“A comprehensive influenza panel is a test that can detect multiple strains of influenza viruses. It’s a basic throat swab test, and the results are out in 6-8 hours,” said Dr. Verma.
What Should You Do If Your Baby Gets Infected by HMPV?
If your child becomes infected with HMPV, it is important to provide supportive care at home:
According to Dr Dudeja, one must:
- Ensure your baby stays well-hydrated by offering plenty of fluids.
- Allow your child to rest to help their body recover.
- Use saline drops and a suction bulb to relieve nasal congestion, making breathing easier for your baby.
- Monitor for signs of worsening, such as persistent fever, laboured breathing, or dehydration, and seek medical attention promptly if these symptoms occur.
Is Isolation For Kids Required?
“Isolation is not needed for a healthy child, and a mask is not required for children less than five years old,” said Dr Ramani.
Is There Any Vaccine Available?
According to reports and paediatricians, there is no vaccine for HMPV. “At present, there is no vaccine available for HMPV. Flu treatment and providing care is what’s needed now,” said Dr Ramani.
How Can HMPV Be Prevented?
Preventing the spread of HMPV involves simple yet effective measures:
Frequent Handwashing: Encourage children to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after coughing, sneezing, or playing.
Disinfect Surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, toys, and shared items, especially in daycare or home settings.
Please Avoid Contact With Sick Individuals: Limit your child’s exposure to people who are unwell, and teach them to cover their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
How Long Does HMPV Last?
“Most children recover from HMPV within 7-14 days. However, severe cases may take longer to resolve, and medical care may sometimes be necessary,” said Dr. Dudeja.
