Things we buy – from smartphones, cars to furnitures – puts endangered species at risk, say scientists who developed a technique that helps identify threats to wildlife caused by the global supply chains which fuel our consumption.
Daniel Moran from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Norway and his colleague Keiichiro Kanemoto from Shinshu University in Japan used the technique to create a series of world maps that show the species threat hotspots across the globe for individual countries.
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They calculated the percentage of threat to a species in one country due to consumption of goods in another, with a focus on 6,803 species of vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered marine and terrestrial animals as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and BirdLife International.
One way to see how the hotspot maps work is to look at the effects of US consumption across the globe.
For terrestrial species, the researchers found that US consumption caused species threat hotspots in Southeast Asia and Madagascar, but also in southern Europe, the Sahel, the east and west coasts of southern Mexico, throughout Central America and Central Asia and into southern Canada.
Perhaps one of the biggest surprises was that US consumption also caused species threat hotspots in southern Spain and Portugal.
Making the connection between consumption and environmental impacts offers an important opportunity for governments, companies and individuals to take an informed look at these impacts – so they can find ways to counteract them, said Moran.
“Connecting observations of environmental problems to economic activity, that is the innovation here,” he said.
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“Once you connect the environmental impact to a supply chain, then many people along the supply chain, not only producers, can participate in cleaning up that supply chain,” he added.
As an example, he said, government regulators can only control the producers whose products cause biodiversity losses and deforestation in Indonesia.
However, if the European Union (EU) wanted to look at its role in causing those problems in Indonesia, they could look at the maps produced by the researchers and see what kind of impacts EU consumers are having on that country and where those impacts are located – the hotspots, researchers said.
The EU “could decide to adjust their research programmes or environmental priorities to focus on certain hotspots in Southeast Asia,” Moran said.
“Companies could also use these maps to find out where their environmental impact hotspots are, and make changes,” he said.
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